![]() ![]() The different types of motions are classified on the basis of different aspects such as time, distance, path, and speed. Motion is basically the free movement of a body with respect to time. Places like museums, retail stores, and even buildings require linear motion control. Linear motion and rotation (on a plane) about an axis have similar dynamics. The Coriolis force, due to the rotation, causes the free-fall trajectory to bend. electrostatic force) can be approximated as a rectilinear motion.įree-fall under the Earth’s gravitational field is not actually a rectilinear motion because of the rotation of the Earth. The motion of two particles under the action of a central force (e.g. This displacement from the initial height is downwards such that the height of the object decreases with time. Using the expressions of position and velocity, The constant acceleration is g = 9.8 m/s 2. If an object falls freely from a height h above the ground under gravity, its initial height d(t = 0) is h and initial velocity v(t = 0) is zero. Any nonconservative force like air resistance, viscosity is considered to be absent in the problem. The trajectory of an SHM is sinusoidal.įree fall under gravity: If the gravitational acceleration got an object due to the Earth’s gravitational attraction is considered to be constant over the distance of interest, free fall of an object in the gravitational field of Earth can be approximated as a rectilinear motion with constant acceleration. Simple harmonic motion is an example where the magnitude of the acceleration is proportional to position. ![]() Motion with Non Uniform Acceleration: Acceleration changes with time and position in these motions. Displacement is quadratic in time and the trajectory is parabolic. Velocity is also linear, but it varies with time so that it is a straight line with a nonzero slope. Since acceleration is constant in time, it can be represented as a straight line parallel to the time axis. This equation relates the position and velocity at any arbitrary instant. ![]() Instantaneous velocity at a time t is given by,Īcceleration : If velocity changes with time, the time rate of change is defined as acceleration. Speed is a scalar but velocity is a vector having direction same as displacement. Speed and Velocity : Rate of change of distance is called speed and the time rate of change of displacement is called velocity. If the position of the particle changes from xi to xf in time Δt, the displacement is given by, Distance is the total path traversed along the trajectory whereas displacement is the shortest path. Displacement is the vector difference of the position after an interval of time and it points from the initial position to the final position. When the particle is set into motion, it follows a path so that the position changes with time. Its magnitude is given by the distance between them. Position, distance and displacement: The position of a particle is a vector quantity which points from the origin to the particle. To qualitatively study a rectilinear motion, a one-dimensional reference frame consisting of an axis (X-axis) and an origin at O (x = 0) is considered. Free-fall under the Earth’s gravitational field, a car moving along a straight path can be approximated as rectilinear motions. velocity and acceleration all are one-dimensional vectors. Displacement of the particle and its derivatives i.e. Such a motion can be described using one coordinate only. ![]() If a particle is restricted to move along a straight line, its motion is called rectilinear (or linear) motion. Examples of rectilinear motion are free-fall under gravity and the simple harmonic motion of a mass attached to a spring. Rectilinear motion has three types: uniform motion (zero acceleration), uniformly accelerated motion (non-zero constant acceleration), and motion with non-uniform acceleration. The displacement, velocity, and acceleration vectors are restricted to one dimension. The motion of a particle can be classified on the basis of its trajectory, the simplest being motion along a straight line namely rectilinear motion. Mathematically, motion can be described with displacement, velocity, and acceleration in a particular frame of reference. If the position of an object changes with respect to time and its surroundings, the body is said to be in motion. ![]()
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